Xyoo 2010, gimos thiab novoselov yeej lub nobel nqi zog hauv phobic rau lawv cov haujlwm ntawm graphene. Qhov khoom plig no tau tawm ntawm kev xav tob rau ntau tus neeg. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis yog txhua lub nobel nqi zog sim yog li ntau li cov khoom lus nplaum, thiab tsis nkag siab zoo li "ob-seem crystal" graphene. Txoj haujlwm hauv 2004 tuaj yeem muab rau xyoo 2010, uas yog tsawg nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Nobel nqi zog nyob rau xyoo tas los no.
Graphene yog hom tshuaj uas muaj ib txheej ntawm cov roj carbon atoms kaw ze rau hauv ob-seem honeycomb hexagonal siab. Zoo li pob zeb diamond, graphite, fullerene, carbon nanotubes thiab amorphous carbon, nws yog ib yam khoom (cov khoom siv (cov khoom siv yooj yim) muaj xws li carbon. Raws li muaj nyob hauv daim duab hauv qab no, fullerenes thiab carbon nanotubes tuaj yeem pom tau raws li ib txheej ntawm graphene, uas yog pawg ntawm cov khaubncaws ntawm cov txheej txheem graphene. Cov theoretical kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv graphene piav qhia txog cov khoom ntawm ntau cov pa roj carbon, tab sis nws yog feem ntau cov khoom siv roj carbon, tab sis feem ntau nws ntseeg tias yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau nyob ib leeg, Tsuas yog txuas rau ntawm peb-seem substrate nto lossis sab hauv cov tshuaj zoo li graphite. Nws tsis tau txog 2004 uas Andre geim thiab nws tus tub ntxhais kawm Konstantin Novoselov stripped ib txheej ntawm graphite los ntawm kev sim uas kev tshawb fawb ntawm Graphene ua tiav kev txhim kho tshiab.
Oferene (sab laug) thiab carbon nanotube (nruab nrab) tuaj yeem tau muab kaw los ntawm ib qho txheej txheem ntawm graphene los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm van der waals yuam.
Tam sim no, graphene tuaj yeem tau nyob rau ntau txoj kev, thiab cov qauv sib txawv muaj lawv tus kheej zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Geom thiab novoselov tau graphene nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev yooj yim. Siv cov kab xev pob tshab muaj nyob rau hauv cov khw muag khoom, ib daim ntawv ntawm cov roj ntsha atoms tuab, los ntawm ib daim ntawm cov kev txiav txim siab pyrolytic graphite. Qhov no yooj yim, tab sis cov koomhaum tsis zoo, thiab graphene nrog qhov loj me dua 100 microns (ib feem kaum ntawm ib qho kev sim, tab sis nws nyuaj rau siv rau kev siv tau Cov ntawv thov. Chemical Vapor Deposition Yuav tuaj yeem loj hlob graphene cov qauv nrog qhov loj ntawm kaum tawm ntawm cov hlau nto. Txawm hais tias thaj chaw nrog kev taw qhia ib txwm tsuas yog 100 microns [3,4], nws tau tsim nyog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm qee cov ntawv thov. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog kom sov cov zaub mov silicon (SIC) Frystal mus rau ntau dua 1100 ℃ hauv lub tshuab cua sov nyob ze rau 1100 ℃ hauv cov pa roj carbon ntau dua, uas tau txais cov qauv graphene nrog cov khoom zoo.
Graphene yog cov khoom siv tshiab nrog cov khoom ntiag tug: nws hluav taws xob conductivies yog zoo li tooj liab, thiab nws thermal conductivity yog qhov zoo dua li cov khoom siv uas paub. Nws yog pob tshab heev. Tsuas yog ib feem me me (2.3%) ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntsug pom yuav pom ntawm graphene, thiab feem ntau ntawm lub teeb yuav dhau mus. Nws yog li ntom heev uas txawm Helium atoms (cov roj me tshaj plaws) tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau. Cov khoom no tsis muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws tau los ntawm cov teeb meem, tab sis los ntawm noob me me. Nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb thiab kho qhov muag tau txiav txim siab tias nws muaj qhov dav thov cov kev cia siab.
Txawm hais tias graphene tau tsuas yog tshwm sim tsawg dua kaum xyoo, nws tau qhia ntau cov ntawv thov kev ua, uas yog tsawg tsawg ntawm cov teb ntawm physics thiab cov khoom siv science. Nws yuav siv sijhawm ntau tshaj kaum xyoo lossis ntau caum xyoo rau cov ntaub ntawv dav dav kom txav los ntawm kev kuaj kom lub neej tiag tiag. Dab tsi yog siv graphene? Peb saib ob qho piv txwv.
Muag pob tshab hauv electrode
Hauv ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv cov lus qhia pob tshab yuav tsum tau siv ua cov electrodes. Hluav taws xob saib, lub laij, cov ntxaij vab tshaus, cov ntxaij ua kua thiab ntau lwm cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem tawm ntawm cov khoom lag luam pob tshab. Cov kev ua lub pob tshab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob indium tin oxide (ito). Vim tias tus nqi siab thiab txwv cov khoom siv ntawm indium, cov khoom siv tau nkig thiab tsis muaj peev xwm, thiab electrode xav tau tso rau hauv nruab nrab txheej ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab tus nqi yog qhov siab. Tau ntev ntev, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim nrhiav nws qhov hloov chaw. Ntxiv rau cov cai ntawm pob tshab, npaj ua haujlwm zoo thiab yooj yim rau kev ua "ntawv hluav taws xob" lossis lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, yooj yim kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Graphene yog xws li cov khoom siv, uas yog qhov haum rau pob tshab hluav taws xob.
Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Samsung thiab Chengjunguan University nyob rau hauv South Kauslim tau muab cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm cov kab pheeb suab ntaub Raws li pom nyob hauv daim duab hauv qab no, Graphene cog rau ntawm cov ntawv ci, thiab cov pob tshab xov tooj nrog cov kab xev tshuaj) Cov.
Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Cov Khoom Siv Ua Haujlwm Tshiab
Graphene muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb heev. Txawm hais tias muaj tsuas yog ib txheej ntawm atoms, nws tuaj yeem nqus 2.3% ntawm lub teeb emitted nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov wavelengthe ntau los ntawm lub teeb pom kev los rau infrared. Tus lej no tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm graphene thiab yog txiav txim siab los ntawm Quantum Electrodynamics [6]. Qhov nqus tau lub teeb yuav ua rau lub cim neeg ntiag tug (hluav taws xob thiab qhov). Lub cim thiab kev thauj khoom ntawm cov cab kuj nyob hauv graphene sib txawv heev ntawm cov neeg hauv cov khoom ua haujlwm soob. Qhov no ua graphene heev haum rau ultrasonicarast photioelectric induction cov khoom siv. Nws yog kwv yees tias cov khoom siv ntawm cov duab photeflecectic yuav ua haujlwm ntawm qhov zaus ntawm 500ghz. Yog tias nws yog siv rau kev kis teeb liab, nws tuaj yeem hloov 500 txhiab Zeros lossis cov neeg ib thib ob, thiab ua tiav cov kis ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob lub tshav ray discs hauv ib ob.
Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm IBL EBON THOMAS J. Watson Kev Tshawb Fawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau siv Grandiance los tsim cov khoom siv phoneyelectric kev koom tes uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm 10GHz zaus [8]. Firstly flakes tau npaj rau ntawm silicon subttrate them nrog 300 cov kab xev kub lossis titanium kub hluav taws xob nrog ib lub caij nyoog ntawm 1 micron thiab ib qho dav ntawm 250 nm tau ua rau nws. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, ib daim duab graphene raws li cov ntaub ntawv photeelectric induction yog tau.
Schematic daim duab ntawm graphene photielectric induction cov khoom siv thiab scaning electron tsom iav tsom (sua) duab ntawm cov qauv tiag tiag. Cov kab luv luv hauv daim duab sib raug rau 5 microns, thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab hlau yog ib qho micron.
Los ntawm kev sim, cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom tias cov qauv hlau sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tau los ntawm 300 nm (ze rau ultraviolet) mus rau 6 micrered), thaum Cov tsooselecectric induction raj tsis tuaj yeem teb rau infrared teeb nrog lub voj ntev. Cov khoom ua haujlwm zaus ntawm cov duab kab ntsig kev ua haujlwm tseem muaj chav nyob zoo rau kev txhim kho. Nws kev ua tau zoo tshaj ua nws muaj ntau yam kev thov kev cia siab, suav nrog kev sib txuas lus, chaw taws teeb thiab saib xyuas ib puag ncig.
Raws li cov khoom siv tshiab nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev thov ntawm graphene tawm ib qho tom qab lwm tus. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau peb los sau lawv ntawm no. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, tej zaum yuav muaj daim teb xov xwm ua los ntawm graphene thiab molecular exchares ua los ntawm graphene hauv chav kuaj yuav ci yuav ci hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
Peb tuaj yeem cia siab tias muaj ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv graphene yuav tshwm sim nyob ze yav tom ntej. Xav txog yuav ua li cas nthuav nws yuav yog tias peb cov smartphones thiab netbed ntawm peb lub pob ntseg, stuffed nyob ib ncig ntawm peb lub dab teg thaum tsis siv!
Lub Sijhawm Post: Mar-09-2022